The Island of Malta, together with Greece, has always been the last bastion of Europe. It was attacked several times by Arab invaders and Ottoman Turks but it could always defend itself in the long run. Malta was first known by the ancient Greeks as Melita (= honeybee) or the island of Honey. It was long part of the Roman Empire and the Greek Byzantine Empire until the 11th century when it was conquered by Arab invaders from Spain. The current language of Malta, the Maltese, has many influences from that era. After the Arabs, the Norman conquest followed and thereafter the crusaders. The military order of St. John left the island of Rhodes and fortified Malta successfully against the Ottoman attacks. These Maltese knights also left their mark on numerous defensive buildings and churches. After the Maltese nights, there was a short French period until finally the British Empire took over the strategic island in the Mediterranean. Malta achieved its independence in 1964, although Maltese and English are still the official two languages spoken on the island. The capital of Malta is Valletta. Malta has also a smaller island, the island of Gozo. The total population of Malta is 550,000.

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